Prenylated xanthones from mangosteen as promising cholinesterase inhibitors and their molecular docking studies

K.Y. Khaw, S.B. Choi, S.C. Tan, H.A. Wahab, K.L. Chan, V. Murugaiyah , 

Abstract

Garcinia mangostana is a well-known tropical plant found mostly in South East Asia. The present study investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of G. mangostana extract and its chemical constituents using Ellman's colorimetric method. Cholinesterase inhibitory-guided approach led to identification of six bioactive prenylated xanthones showing moderate to potent cholinesterases inhibition with IC50 values of lower than 20.5 μM. The most potent inhibitor of AChE was garcinone C while γ-mangostin was the most potent inhibitor of BChE with IC50 values of 1.24 and 1.78 μM, respectively. Among the xanthones, mangostanol, 3-isomangostin, garcinone C and α-mangostin are AChE selective inhibitors, 8-deoxygartanin is a BChE selective inhibitor while

while γ-mangostin (98.37% purity), garcinone C (>98% purity) and garcinone D (>98% purity) were purchased from Chengdu Biopurify (Chengdu, China)